Thursday, February 3, 2011

Timeline




43.)     3100 B.C.E. -The appearance of writing and record keeping appeared in Egypt.  Evidence of writing was first used sparingly and there was no evidence of extended text.  It is believed that early hieroglyphics where symbols used in economic transactions.  Later symbols where created to have sounds that allows for longer written texts. 
This is a key event in media history was the begging presence of writing.  Archeologist where able to study the life, history, and culture of Ancient Egyptians there their record keeping of hieroglyphics.  It was because of the Rosetta Stone, which is written in hieroglyphics and greek, that archeologists were able to translate other works of hieroglyphics.  Without this the history of this civilization would be lost to future generations.  
  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hjMeD7lN6E&feature=related









44.) 1450 -Johannes Gutenberg introduces modern printing by creating the printing press.  Gutenberg created a wooden screw press.  It was used by placing moveable hand-set block letters that were rolled with an oil based ink.  This allowed printing for the masses more available. 
In 1459 Gutenberg printed a 42 line Bible that is commonly known as the “Gutenberg Bible.”  It was through Gutenberg’s invention that we begin to see distribution to the masses.  Literature could become more available to everyone of all classes 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qexDBgWM2X8&feature=related





45).     1789 -The Bill of Rights is the first then amendments to the Constitution.  It sets restrictions of power for the federal government of the United States.  This is to maintain the rights and civil liberties of American citizens.  
The Bill of Rights plays an important role in the American government and still does today.  It is displayed at the National Archives located in Washington, D.C..  The First amendment of the constitution protects the freedom of speech.  Without this freedom in today’s society would greatly affect literature, newspapers, and any form of media.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gV2fys1H5E&feature=fvw













46.)     1812- The Brothers Grimm published the first novel of fairy tails Tales of Children and the Home.  In their first book the stories where local legends that were collected from local villagers, that where told from word of mouth.  They are known for there German legends such as “Cinderella,” “Sleeping Beauty,” “Rapunzel,” and “Snow White.” They became household names by taking stories that where traditionally told orally, and writing them down allowed the preserving of them for generations to come. 





47.)     1938- On October 30, 1938 Orson Welles narrated the novel War of the Worlds, which was written by H. G. Wells.  The program was aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System and was presented as a news-bulletin and without commercial breaks.  The broadcast was adapted to present the novel about aliens who are invading earth.  
Many people thought that the news report was real and it caused wide spread panic.  It is estimated that six million people heard the broadcast and about 1.7 million believed that it was real.  This changed the way that people looked at radio broadcast.  The radio is a fast way of establishing media events.  Radio at the time was taken as a trusted source and people unlike today did not have a way of validating if it was true.  Today we have access to the internet, hundred of newspapers, and television.  This broadcast changed the way that people looked at media. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ol3NRuMOEGk











48.)     1948- The Catholic Church printed an “Index of Prohibited Books.”  This was a catalogue of literary material the church congregation and people of faith were not to read.  This was the church’s early attempt to fight the printing press.  Most books that the church classified as forbidden were that of Protestant theology and criticized the teaching of the church.  Censorship itself has a long standing history.  As long as there are those who abuse their power and control, there will be censorship.  Walt Whitman said it best, “the dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.”



49.)     1570- Abraham Ortelius published the first true atlases known as Theatre of the World.  We see the importance of visual communication that essentially offered a view of the world in a book.  Maps play an important role in history particularly in economic triad, political and military control.  Creation of the atlas allowed people to think of the world as a whole, instead of divided by oceans and other landmarks.  

50.)     1868- Building of the American Railroad opened the U.S. to travelers and migration.  The railroad not only opened up the world to people, but to new media.  It allowed novels to be written about foreign countries and travel books to be published, new music to be written and heard, and poetry about new places to be read.  The railroad not only connected people physically, but through multiple other forms.  

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/iron/


    Camera obscuar- camera in a darken room, which was used for drawing and entertainment.  Box with a hole in one side where light passed through the hole where the image is produced upside-down and projected onto paper where it can be traced.  The camera obscuar has been used as early as the 6th century by a Byzantine mathematician and architect.  



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