38.) Camera Obscura- Means a camera in a darken room, which was used was used for drawing and entertainment. A box with a hole in one side where light passed through the hole, where the image is produced upside-down and projected onto paper where it can be traced. The camera obscuar has been used as early as the 6th centery by Anthemius of Tralles who was a mathematician and architect who used and early form of the camera obscura in his works. The Camera obscura was the early stages of photography in the form of a projector that would project images that allowed a person to trace images. It was the beginning stages of the camera that helped lead into the development of photography. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5ljByvlDP4&feature=fvst39.) Heliography- Was a photographic process that was invented Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1822. Niepce used this to create the first photograph from life. It was from nature as a picture titled View from the Window at Le Gras. This process was done by creating a thick layer of organic lipids on either glass or metal. Once the lipids have harden they are exposed to light. When the plate was washed with oil the hard image remained leaving a photographic image. The word heliography is also know as "photography of the sun" as only natural light is used to expose the darker hardened image.
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/heliography.html
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/
The photo was taken the the camera obscura using the heliography method to create a black and white image. The photo took an eight hour exposure time. 
40.) Daguerreotypes- Louis Daguerre and Joseph Nicephore Niepce, who invented the heliography, developed daguerreotypes together. It was announced as the first photographic process. The picture is crated by the reaction of mercury with another metal. Heated mercury was used to develop a copper plate that had a thin laver of silver rolled on it. The silver coated plate was sensitised to light allowing lighter areas to shine through and darker images to remain. This was a huge break through in photography, but exposure times still took ten to fifteen minutes. The exposure time was able to be reduced by using bromine to form silver bromide crystals. http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/daguerro.htm
L’Atelier del’artiste (Located to the rights) was the first picture to complete the full process of daguerreotypes in 1837.
Solar eclipse photograph taken July 28, 1851 using the daguerrotype process in Prussia.
41.) Negatives- A negative image is the inversion of the original image, where the light areas will appear darker and vice versa. Negatives are made by the process called calotype. Calotype creates an image on silver iodide, this allows positives to be printed on paper containing silver chloride. Essentially negatives are blueprints of images. This made the daguerreotype obsolete, because the ability to created multiple copies.
http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/stilphotography.htm
http://www.google.com/patents?id=pIpDAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&#v=onepage&q&f=false
Image of a window in Lacock Abbey taken in 1835 taken by William Henry Fox Talbot. Printed from the oldest photographic negative.
Lacock Abbey is also the location of the Harry Potter films.
42.) Color Pictures- First permeant color photograph was taken in 1861. James Clerk Maxwell had the idea to take black and white photographs through filters of red, green and blue. When overlapping the three pictures a color print could be produced. This was known as the three color separation principle. First commercially color process was introduced in 1907 by the Limiere bothers. The took a mosaic color filter made from potato starch.
1877 color photographic print done by Louis Ducos du Haurron, who was and early French pioneer in color photography.
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755327,00.html
http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/anaglyph.htm
Photograph taken in 1915 of Sergei Mikailovich Prokudin- Goskii, who used a color camera from 1909 to 1915 to document the Russian Empire.
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html
